Exercise 3.5
Q.1 Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair of linear equations :
(i)12x+13y=2
13x+12y=136
(ii)2x√+3y√=2
4x√−9y√=−1
(iii)4x+3y=14
3x−4y=23
(iv)5x−1+1y−2=2
6x−1−3y−2=1
(v)7x−2yxy=5
8x+7yxy=15
(vi) 6x + 3y = 6xy
2x + 4y = 5xy(vii)10x+y+2x−y=4
15x+y−5x−y=−2
(viii) 13x+y+13x−y=34
12(3x+y)−12(3x−y)=−18
Sol. (i) Taking1x=u
and 1y=v
. The given system of equations become
12u+13v=2
⇒
3u + 2v = 12 ...(1)
13u+12v=136
⇒
2u + 3v = 13...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3 and (2), we have
9u + 6v = 36 ...(3)
and, 4u + 6v = 26 ...(4)
Subtracting (4) from (3), we get
5u = 10
⇒
u = 2
Putting u = 2 in (3), we get
18 + 6v = 36
⇒
6v = 18
⇒
v = 3
Now, u = 2
⇒
1x=2
⇒
x=12
and, v = 3
⇒
1y=3
⇒
y=13
Hence, the solution is x =12
, y=13
.
(ii) The given system of equations is
2x√+3y√=2
and 4x√−9y√=−1
Puttingu=1x√
and v=1y√
.Then , the given equations become
2u + 3v = 2 ...(1)
and, 4u – 9v = – 1 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3, we get
6u + 9v = 6...(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
10u = 5
⇒
u=510=12
Puttingu=12
in (1), we get
2×12+3v=2
⇒
3v = 1
⇒
v=13
Now,u=12
⇒
1x√=12
⇒
x−−√
= 2
⇒
x = 4
and,v=13
⇒
1y√=13
⇒
y√
= 3
⇒
y = 9
Hence, the solution is x = 4, y = 9.
(iii) The given system of equations is
4x+3y=14
...(1)
and,3x−4y=23
...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 4 and (2) by 3, we get
16x+12y=56
...(3)
and,9x−12y=69
...(4)
Adding (3) and (4), we get
25x=125
⇒
x=25125=15
Puttingx=15
in (1), we get
4×5+3y=14
⇒
3y = 14 – 20
⇒
3y = – 6
⇒
y = – 2
Hence, the solution isx=15
, y = – 2.
(iv) Letu=1x−1,v=1y−2
. Then, the given system of equations becomes
5u + v = 2 ...(1)
and, 6u – 3v = 1 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3, we get
15u + 3v = 6 ...(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
21u = 7
⇒
u=13
Puttingu=13
in (1), we get
53+v=2
⇒
v=2−53=6−53=13
Now,u=13
⇒
1x−1=13
⇒
x – 1 = 3
⇒
x = 4
v=13
⇒
1y−2=13
⇒
y – 2 = 3
⇒
y = 5
Hence, the solution is x = 4, y = 5.
(v) The given system of equations is
7x−2yxy=5
⇒
7y−2x=5
and,8x+7yxy=15
⇒
8y+7x=15
Let u =1x
, v = 1y
. Then, the above equations become
7 – 2u = 5 ...(1)
and, 8v + 7u = 15 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 7 and (2), we get
49v – 14u = 35 ...(3)
and, 16v + 14u = 30
Adding (3) and (4), we get
65v = 65
⇒
v = 1
Putting v = 1 in (1), we get
7 – 2u = 5
⇒
– 2u = – 2
⇒
u = 1
Now, u = 1
⇒
1x=1
⇒
x = 1
and, v = 1
⇒
1y=1
⇒
y = 1
Hence, the solution is x = 1, y = 1.
(vi) The given system of equations is 6x + 3y = 6xy and 2x + 4y = 5xy, where x and y are non -zero.
Sincex≠0,y≠0,
, we have xy ≠
0.
On dividing each one of the given equations by xy we get
3x+6y=6
and 4x+2y=5
Taking1x=u
and 1y=v
, the above equations become
3u + 6v = 6...(1)
and, 4u + 2v = 5...(2)
Multiplying (2) by 3, we get
12u + 6v = 15 ...(3)
Subtracting (1) from (3), we get
9u = 15 – 6 = 9
⇒
u = 1
Putting u = 1 in (1), we get
3×1 + 6v = 6
⇒
6v = 6 – 3 = 3
⇒
v=12
Now, u = 1
⇒
1x=1
⇒
x = 1
and,v=12
⇒
1y=12
⇒
y = 2
Hence, the given system of equations has one solution x = 1, y = 2.
(vii) The given system of equations is
10x+y+2x−y=4
15x+y−5x−y=−2
Puttingu=1x+y
and v=1x−y
. Then, the given equations become
10u +2v = 4
⇒
5u + v = 2 ...(1)
and, 15u – 5v = – 2...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 5, we get
25u + 5v = 10 ...(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
40u = 8
⇒
u=15
Puttingu=15
in (1), we get
5(15)+v=2
⇒
v = 2 – 1 = 1
Now,u=15
⇒
x + y = 5 ...(4)
v = 1
⇒
1x−y=1
⇒
x – y = 1
Adding (4) and (5), we get
2x = 6
⇒
x = 3
When x = 3, then from (4), we get
3 + y = 5
⇒
y = 5 – 3 = 2
Hence, the given system of equations has one solution
x = 3, y = 2
(viii) Takingu=13x+y
and v=13x−y
. The give system of equations becomes
u + v=34
...(1)
12u−12v=−18
⇒
u – v = −14
...(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
2u =34−14
⇒
2u=24=12
⇒
u=14
Puttingu=14
in (1), we get
14+v=34
⇒
v=34−14=24=12
Now,u=14
⇒
13x+y=14
⇒
3x + y = 4...(3)
and,v=12
⇒
3x – y = 2...(4)
⇒
13x−y=12
Adding (3) and (4), we get
Putting x = 1 in (3), we get
3x + y = 4
⇒
y = 4 – 3 = 1
Hence, the solution is x = 1, y = 1.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi) 6x + 3y = 6xy
2x + 4y = 5xy(vii)
Sol. (i) Taking
Multiplying (1) by 3 and (2), we have
9u + 6v = 36 ...(3)
and, 4u + 6v = 26 ...(4)
Subtracting (4) from (3), we get
5u = 10
Putting u = 2 in (3), we get
18 + 6v = 36
Now, u = 2
and, v = 3
Hence, the solution is x =
(ii) The given system of equations is
Putting
2u + 3v = 2 ...(1)
and, 4u – 9v = – 1 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3, we get
6u + 9v = 6...(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
10u = 5
Putting
Now,
and,
Hence, the solution is x = 4, y = 9.
(iii) The given system of equations is
and,
Multiplying (1) by 4 and (2) by 3, we get
and,
Adding (3) and (4), we get
Putting
Hence, the solution is
(iv) Let
5u + v = 2 ...(1)
and, 6u – 3v = 1 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3, we get
15u + 3v = 6 ...(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
21u = 7
Putting
Now,
Hence, the solution is x = 4, y = 5.
(v) The given system of equations is
and,
Let u =
7 – 2u = 5 ...(1)
and, 8v + 7u = 15 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 7 and (2), we get
49v – 14u = 35 ...(3)
and, 16v + 14u = 30
Adding (3) and (4), we get
65v = 65
Putting v = 1 in (1), we get
7 – 2u = 5
Now, u = 1
and, v = 1
Hence, the solution is x = 1, y = 1.
(vi) The given system of equations is 6x + 3y = 6xy and 2x + 4y = 5xy, where x and y are non -zero.
Since
On dividing each one of the given equations by xy we get
Taking
3u + 6v = 6...(1)
and, 4u + 2v = 5...(2)
Multiplying (2) by 3, we get
12u + 6v = 15 ...(3)
Subtracting (1) from (3), we get
9u = 15 – 6 = 9
Putting u = 1 in (1), we get
3×1 + 6v = 6
Now, u = 1
and,
Hence, the given system of equations has one solution x = 1, y = 2.
(vii) The given system of equations is
Putting
10u +2v = 4
and, 15u – 5v = – 2...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 5, we get
25u + 5v = 10 ...(3)
Adding (2) and (3), we get
40u = 8
Putting
Now,
v = 1
Adding (4) and (5), we get
2x = 6
When x = 3, then from (4), we get
3 + y = 5
Hence, the given system of equations has one solution
x = 3, y = 2
(viii) Taking
u + v
Adding (1) and (2), we get
2u =
Putting
Now,
and,
Adding (3) and (4), we get
Putting x = 1 in (3), we get
3x + y = 4
Hence, the solution is x = 1, y = 1.
Exercise 3.5
Reviewed by FIRDOUS
on
January 17, 2019
Rating:
No comments: